Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula

Published:2011-02-11 Issue:6018 Volume:331 Page:739-742
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Abdo A. A.¹,Ackermann M.²,Ajello M.²,Allafort A.²,Baldini L.³,Ballet J.⁴,Barbiellini G.⁵⁶,Bastieri D.⁷⁸,Bechtol K.²,Bellazzini R.³,Berenji B.²,Blandford R. D.²,Bloom E. D.²,Bonamente E.⁹¹⁰,Borgland A. W.²,Bouvier A.²,Brandt T. J.¹¹¹²,Bregeon J.³,Brez A.³,Brigida M.¹³¹⁴,Bruel P.¹⁵,Buehler R.²,Buson S.⁷⁸,Caliandro G. A.¹⁶,Cameron R. A.²,Cannon A.¹⁷¹⁸,Caraveo P. A.¹⁹,Casandjian J. M.⁴,Çelik Ö.¹⁷²⁰²¹,Charles E.²,Chekhtman A.²²,Cheung C. C.¹,Chiang J.²,Ciprini S.¹⁰,Claus R.²,Cohen-Tanugi J.²³,Costamante L.²,Cutini S.²⁴,D’Ammando F.²⁵²⁶,Dermer C. D.²⁷,de Angelis A.²⁸,de Luca A.²⁹,de Palma F.¹³¹⁴,Digel S. W.²,do Couto e Silva E.²,Drell P. S.²,Drlica-Wagner A.²,Dubois R.²,Dumora D.³⁰,Favuzzi C.¹³¹⁴,Fegan S. J.¹⁵,Ferrara E. C.¹⁷,Focke W. B.²,Fortin P.¹⁵,Frailis M.²⁸³¹,Fukazawa Y.³²,Funk S.²,Fusco P.¹³¹⁴,Gargano F.¹⁴,Gasparrini D.²⁴,Gehrels N.¹⁷,Germani S.⁹¹⁰,Giglietto N.¹³¹⁴,Giordano F.¹³¹⁴,Giroletti M.³³,Glanzman T.²,Godfrey G.²,Grenier I. A.⁴,Grondin M.-H.³⁰,Grove J. E.²⁷,Guiriec S.³⁴,Hadasch D.¹⁶,Hanabata Y.³²,Harding A. K.¹⁷,Hayashi K.³²,Hayashida M.²,Hays E.¹⁷,Horan D.¹⁵,Itoh R.³²,Jóhannesson G.³⁵,Johnson A. S.²,Johnson T. J.¹⁷³⁶,Khangulyan D.³⁷,Kamae T.²,Katagiri H.³²,Kataoka J.³⁸,Kerr M.³⁹,Knödlseder J.¹¹,Kuss M.³,Lande J.²,Latronico L.³,Lee S.-H.²,Lemoine-Goumard M.³⁰,Longo F.⁵⁶,Loparco F.¹³¹⁴,Lubrano P.⁹¹⁰,Madejski G. M.²,Makeev A.²²,Marelli M.¹⁹,Mazziotta M. N.¹⁴,McEnery J. E.¹⁷³⁶,Michelson P. F.²,Mitthumsiri W.²,Mizuno T.³²,Moiseev A. A.²⁰³⁶,Monte C.¹³¹⁴,Monzani M. E.²,Morselli A.⁴⁰,Moskalenko I. V.²,Murgia S.²,Nakamori T.³⁸,Naumann-Godo M.⁴,Nolan P. L.²,Norris J. P.⁴¹,Nuss E.²³,Ohsugi T.⁴²,Okumura A.³⁷,Omodei N.²,Ormes J. F.⁴¹,Ozaki M.³⁷,Paneque D.²,Parent D.²²,Pelassa V.²³,Pepe M.⁹¹⁰,Pesce-Rollins M.³,Pierbattista M.⁴,Piron F.²³,Porter T. A.²,Rainò S.¹³¹⁴,Rando R.⁷⁸,Ray P. S.²⁷,Razzano M.³,Reimer A.²⁴³,Reimer O.²⁴³,Reposeur T.³⁰,Ritz S.⁴⁴,Romani R. W.²,Sadrozinski H. F.-W.⁴⁴,Sanchez D.¹⁵,Parkinson P. M. Saz⁴⁴,Scargle J. D.⁴⁵,Schalk T. L.⁴⁴,Sgrò C.³,Siskind E. J.⁴⁶,Smith P. D.¹²,Spandre G.³,Spinelli P.¹³¹⁴,Strickman M. S.²⁷,Suson D. J.⁴⁷,Takahashi H.⁴²,Takahashi T.³⁷,Tanaka T.²,Thayer J. B.²,Thompson D. J.¹⁷,Tibaldo L.⁴⁷⁸,Torres D. F.¹⁶⁴⁸,Tosti G.⁹¹⁰,Tramacere A.²⁴⁹⁵⁰,Troja E.¹⁷,Uchiyama Y.²,Vandenbroucke J.²,Vasileiou V.²⁰²¹,Vianello G.²⁴⁹,Vitale V.⁴⁰⁵¹,Wang P.²,Wood K. S.²⁷,Yang Z.⁵²⁵³,Ziegler M.⁴⁴

Affiliation:

1. National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

2. W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

3. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.

4. Laboratoire AIM, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA)– Institute of Research into the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU)/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.

5. INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.

6. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.

7. INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

8. Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

9. INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.

10. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.

11. Centre d’Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, BP 44346, F-30128 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.

12. Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

13. Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.

14. INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.

15. Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France.

16. Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.

17. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

18. School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

19. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF), I-20133 Milano, Italy.

20. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

21. Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.

22. College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

23. Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France.

24. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy.

25. IASF Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy.

26. INAF-IASF, I-00133 Roma, Italy.

27. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

28. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.

29. Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), I-27100 Pavia, Italy.

30. Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France.

31. Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, I-34143 Trieste, Italy.

32. Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

33. INAF–Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy.

34. Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.

35. Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.

36. Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

37. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan.

38. Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555 Japan.

39. Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1560, USA.

40. INFN, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy.

41. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.

42. Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

43. Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

44. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

45. Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035–1000, USA.

46. NYCB Real-Time Computing, Lattingtown, NY 11560–1025, USA.

47. Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323–2094, USA.

48. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.

49. Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy.

50. INTEGRAL Science Data Centre, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.

51. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy.

52. Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

53. The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract

Gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula by two different space telescopes challenge particle acceleration theory.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference41 articles.

1. The Distance to the Crab Nebula and NP 0532

2. The Origin of the Magnetic Field and Relativistic Particles in the Crab Nebula

3. Magnetohydrodynamic model of Crab nebula radiation

4. The Crab Nebula: An Astrophysical Chimera

5. Discovery of Spatial and Spectral Structure in the X-Ray Emission from the Crab Nebula

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