Late Pliocene Homo and Hominid Land Use from Western Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Author:

Blumenschine Robert J.1,Peters Charles R.2,Masao Fidelis T.3,Clarke Ronald J.4,Deino Alan L.5,Hay Richard L.6,Swisher Carl C.7,Stanistreet Ian G.8,Ashley Gail M.7,McHenry Lindsay J.7,Sikes Nancy E.9,van der Merwe Nikolaas J.10,Tactikos Joanne C.1,Cushing Amy E.1,Deocampo Daniel M.11,Njau Jackson K.1,Ebert James I.12

Affiliation:

1. Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Anthropology, 131 George Street, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901–1414, USA.

2. Department of Anthropology and Institute of Ecology, Baldwin Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602–1619, USA.

3. Paleo-Cultural and Environmental Research, Post Office Box 70566, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

4. School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.

5. Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.

6. Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA.

7. Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

8. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, Post Office Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.

9. Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560–0112, USA.

10. Archaeology Department, University of Cape Town, 7700 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.

11. Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 119, Washington, DC 20560–0119, USA.

12. Ebert & Associates, 3700 Rio Grande Boulevard N.W., Suite 3, Albuquerque, NM 87107, USA.

Abstract

Excavation in the previously little-explored western portion of Olduvai Gorge indicates that hominid land use of the eastern paleobasin extended at least episodically to the west. Finds included a dentally complete Homo maxilla (OH 65) with lower face, Oldowan stone artifacts, and butchery-marked bones dated to be between 1.84 and 1.79 million years old. The hominid shows strong affinities to the KNM ER 1470 cranium from Kenya ( Homo rudolfensis ), a morphotype previously unrecognized at Olduvai. ER 1470 and OH 65 can be accommodated in the H. habilis holotype, casting doubt on H. rudolfensis as a biologically valid taxon.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference29 articles.

1. R. L. Hay Geology of the Olduvai Gorge (Univ. of California Press Berkeley CA 1976).

2. L. S. B. Leakey Olduvai Gorge: 1951–1961 Vol. I (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 1965).

3. A New Species of The Genus Homo From Olduvai Gorge

4. M. D. Leakey Olduvai Gorge: Excavations in Beds I and II 1960–1963 (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 1971).

5. P. V. Tobias Olduvai Gorge Vol. 4a and 4b: The Skulls Endocasts and Teeth of Homo habilis (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 1991).

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