Challenges in Metal Recycling

Author:

Reck Barbara K.1,Graedel T. E.1

Affiliation:

1. Center for Industrial Ecology, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

Abstract

Metals are infinitely recyclable in principle, but in practice, recycling is often inefficient or essentially nonexistent because of limits imposed by social behavior, product design, recycling technologies, and the thermodynamics of separation. We review these topics, distinguishing among common, specialty, and precious metals. The most beneficial actions that could improve recycling rates are increased collection rates of discarded products, improved design for recycling, and the enhanced deployment of modern recycling methodology. As a global society, we are currently far away from a closed-loop material system. Much improvement is possible, but limitations of many kinds—not all of them technological—will preclude complete closure of the materials cycle.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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5. G. Rombach in Sustainable Metals Management: Securing Our Future — Steps Towards a Closed Loop Economy A. von Gleich R. U. Ayres S. Gössling-Reisemann Eds. (Springer Dordrecht Netherlands 2006) pp. 295–312.

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