Affiliation:
1. Process Development Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Abstract
The feasibility of ultrasound-induced in situ radical formation in liquid carbon dioxide was demonstrated. The required threshold pressure for cavitation could be exceeded at a relatively low acoustic intensity, as the high vapor pressure of CO
2
counteracts the hydrostatic pressure. With the use of a dynamic bubble model, the formation of hot spots upon bubble collapse was predicted. Cavitation-induced radical formation was used for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate in CO
2
, yielding high-molecular-weight polymers. These results show that sonochemical reactions can be performed in dense-phase fluids, which allows the environmentally benign CO
2
to replace conventional organic solvents in many reaction systems.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Cited by
102 articles.
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