1. Bowden, B. V., Faster Than Thought: CH26 (1953).
2. Calculating Instruments and Machines 1950
3. Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles Babbage, Esq.;Taylor's Scientific Memoirs,1842
4. SAMUEL, A.L., SOME STUDIES IN MACHINE LEARNING USING THE GAME OF CHECKERS, IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 3: 211 (1959).
5. Turing, A. M., Minid: A Quarterly Review of Psychology & Philosophy 59: 433 (1950).