Spiral density waves in a young protoplanetary disk

Author:

Pérez Laura M.1,Carpenter John M.2,Andrews Sean M.3,Ricci Luca3,Isella Andrea4,Linz Hendrik5,Sargent Anneila I.6,Wilner David J.3,Henning Thomas5,Deller Adam T.7,Chandler Claire J.8,Dullemond Cornelis P.9,Lazio Joseph10,Menten Karl M.1,Corder Stuartt A.2,Storm Shaye3,Testi Leonardo1112,Tazzari Marco11,Kwon Woojin1314,Calvet Nuria15,Greaves Jane S.16,Harris Robert J.17,Mundy Lee G.18

Affiliation:

1. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.

2. Joint Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Observatory, Avenida Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.

3. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

4. Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.

5. Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

6. California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

7. Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), 7990-AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands.

8. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Post Office Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA.

9. Heidelberg University, Center for Astronomy, Albert Ueberle Strasse 2, Heidelberg, Germany.

10. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA.

11. European Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany.

12. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy.

13. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea.

14. Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.

15. University of Michigan, 830 Dennison Building, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

16. Cardiff University, School of Physics and Astronomy, 4 The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.

17. University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

18. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Abstract

Gravitational forces are expected to excite spiral density waves in protoplanetary disks, disks of gas and dust orbiting young stars. However, previous observations that showed spiral structure were not able to probe disk midplanes, where most of the mass is concentrated and where planet formation takes place. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we detected a pair of trailing symmetric spiral arms in the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young star Elias 2-27. The arms extend to the disk outer regions and can be traced down to the midplane. These millimeter-wave observations also reveal an emission gap closer to the star than the spiral arms. We argue that the observed spirals trace shocks of spiral density waves in the midplane of this young disk.

Funder

Alexander von Humboldt Foundation

NASA Origins of Solar Systems

NSF

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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