Generation of X-rays from Comet C/Hyakutake 1996 B2-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Generation of X-rays from Comet C/Hyakutake 1996 B2

Published:1997-01-03 Issue:5296 Volume:275 Page:49-51
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Bingham R.¹,Dawson J. M.²,Shapiro V. D.³,Mendis D. A.⁴,Kellett B. J.¹

Affiliation:

1. R. Bingham, B. J. Kellett, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK.

2. J. M. Dawson, Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.

3. V. D. Shapiro, Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA.

4. D. A. Mendis, Department of Electrical and Computing Science, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA.

Abstract

The instability resulting from the relative motion of newly picked-up cometary photoions and the solar wind generates lower hybrid waves that are capable of accelerating electrons to the keV range of energies. These electrons may be responsible for the x-rays from comet C/Hyakutake 1996 B2 seen by the Röntgen X-ray Satellite. The inferred x-ray photon power depends on the electron energy, with keV electrons providing values of photon power two orders of magnitude greater than 100 eV electrons. These observations and in particular, spectral resolution of the x-rays, should provide more insight into the composition of the comet.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference17 articles.

1. Lisse C. M., et al., Science 274, 205 (1996).

2. Klimov S., et al., Nature 321, 292 (1986).

3. Gringauz K. I., et al., Nature 321, 282 (1986).

4. Stix T. H., Waves in Plasmas (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1992). Lower hybrid waves are electrostatic in nature, propagate almost at right angles to magnetic fields, and have high phase velocities along the magnetic field and slow phase velocities perpendicular to the magnetic field. The frequency of the lower hybrid waves is between the gyro-frequencies of the electrons (ωce) and the ions (ωci) which means that these waves can be in simultaneous Cherenkov resonance with the relatively slow but unmagnetized ions perpendicular to the magnetic field and fast magnetized (hence magnetic field aligned) electrons. Cherenkov resonance occurs when the phase velocity of the wave and the particle velocity are equal; under these conditions strong interaction between the waves and particles is possible and results in energy transfer from the wave to the particle or vice versa. The lower hybrid waves provide the intermediary step in transferring energy between the ions and electrons.

5. Detection of Abundant Ethane and Methane, Along with Carbon Monoxide and Water, in Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake: Evidence for Interstellar Origin

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