Earth's Core and the Geodynamo

Author:

Buffett Bruce A.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2219 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.

Abstract

Earth's magnetic field is generated by fluid motion in the liquid iron core. Details of how this occurs are now emerging from numerical simulations that achieve a self-sustaining magnetic field. Early results predict a dominant dipole field outside the core, and some models even reproduce magnetic reversals. The simulations also show how different patterns of flow can produce similar external fields. Efforts to distinguish between the various possibilities appeal to observations of the time-dependent behavior of the field. Important constraints will come from geological records of the magnetic field in the past.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference121 articles.

1. Theoretical calculations for liquid iron at the physical conditions of Earth's core predict a viscosity of μ = 10 –2 Pa s [

2. de Wijs G. A., et al., Nature 392, 805 (1998);

3. ]. The kinematic viscosity ν = μ/ρ of iron where ρ is the fluid density is comparable to the value for water.

4. Fluid velocities at the top of the core are inferred from time variations in the magnetic field. A review of the theory and observations is given by J. Bloxham and A. Jackson [ Rev. Geophys. 29 97 (1991)].

5. Glatzmaier G. A., Roberts P. H., Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 91, 63 (1995).

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