The earliest modern humans outside Africa-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The earliest modern humans outside Africa

Published:2018-01-26 Issue:6374 Volume:359 Page:456-459
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Hershkovitz Israel¹²^ORCID,Weber Gerhard W.³^ORCID,Quam Rolf⁴⁵⁶^ORCID,Duval Mathieu⁷⁸^ORCID,Grün Rainer⁷⁹,Kinsley Leslie⁹,Ayalon Avner¹⁰,Bar-Matthews Miryam¹⁰,Valladas Helene¹¹^ORCID,Mercier Norbert¹²,Arsuaga Juan Luis⁵¹³^ORCID,Martinón-Torres María⁸¹⁴^ORCID,Bermúdez de Castro José María⁸¹⁴,Fornai Cinzia³¹⁵,Martín-Francés Laura⁸¹⁶^ORCID,Sarig Rachel²¹⁷^ORCID,May Hila¹²,Krenn Viktoria A.³¹⁵,Slon Viviane¹,Rodríguez Laura⁵¹⁸¹⁹^ORCID,García Rebeca⁵¹⁸^ORCID,Lorenzo Carlos²⁰²¹^ORCID,Carretero Jose Miguel⁵¹⁸^ORCID,Frumkin Amos²²^ORCID,Shahack-Gross Ruth²³,Bar-Yosef Mayer Daniella E.²⁴²⁵^ORCID,Cui Yaming²⁶,Wu Xinzhi²⁶,Peled Natan²⁷,Groman-Yaroslavski Iris²⁸,Weissbrod Lior²⁸^ORCID,Yeshurun Reuven²⁸^ORCID,Tsatskin Alexander²⁸,Zaidner Yossi²⁸²⁹^ORCID,Weinstein-Evron Mina²⁸

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Post Office Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.

2. The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research and The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Post Office Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.

3. Department of Anthropology and Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.

4. Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.

5. Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.

6. Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA.

7. Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE), Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia.

8. National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.

9. Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.

10. Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 9550161, Israel.

11. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.

12. Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux, UMR 5060 CNRS - Université de Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre de Recherche en Physique Appliquée à l'Archéologie (CRP2A), Maison de l'archéologie, 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France.

13. Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.

14. Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK.

15. Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

16. UMR5189 PACEA Université de Bordeaux, CNRS MCC, France.

17. Department of Oral biology and Orthodontics, the Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Israel.

18. Departamento de Historia, Geografia y Comunicación, Universidad de Burgos, Facultad de Humanidades y Comunicación, 09001, Burgos, Spain.

19. Facultade de Humanidades, Universidad Isabel I, Spain.

20. Área de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.

21. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.

22. Institute of Earth Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel

23. Department of Maritime Civilizations, Recanati Institute of Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel.

24. Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

25. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

26. Department of Paleoanthropology, Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Science, Str. Xizhimenwai no. 144, 100044 Beijing, China.

27. Department of Radiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, 3436212 Israel.

28. Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel.

29. Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.

Abstract

Earliest modern humans out of Africa Recent paleoanthropological studies have suggested that modern humans migrated from Africa as early as the beginning of the Late Pleistocene, 120,000 years ago. Hershkovitz et al. now suggest that early modern humans were already present outside of Africa more than 55,000 years earlier (see the Perspective by Stringer and Galway-Witham). During excavations of sediments at Mount Carmel, Israel, they found a fossil of a mouth part, a left hemimaxilla, with almost complete dentition. The sediments contain a series of well-defined hearths and a rich stone-based industry, as well as abundant animal remains. Analysis of the human remains, and dating of the site and the fossil itself, indicate a likely age of at least 177,000 years for the fossil—making it the oldest member of the Homo sapiens clade found outside Africa. Science , this issue p. 456 ; see also p. 389

Funder

Leakey Foundation

Israel Science Foundation

Dan David Foundation

Australian Research Council Future Fellowship

Irene Levi-Sala CARE Archaeological Foundation

Thyssen Foundation

Life Science Faculty University of Vienna, Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Anniversary Fund

A.E.R.S. Dental Medicine Organisations GmbH

Siegfried Ludwig - Rudolf Slavicek Foundation

People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union"s Seventh Framework Programme

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain