Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity

Author:

Kühl Hjalmar S.12ORCID,Boesch Christophe13ORCID,Kulik Lars1,Haas Fabian1ORCID,Arandjelovic Mimi1ORCID,Dieguez Paula1ORCID,Bocksberger Gaëlle1ORCID,McElreath Mary Brooke1ORCID,Agbor Anthony1,Angedakin Samuel1ORCID,Ayimisin Emmanuel Ayuk1,Bailey Emma1,Barubiyo Donatienne1,Bessone Mattia1,Brazzola Gregory1,Chancellor Rebecca4,Cohen Heather1,Coupland Charlotte1ORCID,Danquah Emmanuel5ORCID,Deschner Tobias1,Dowd Dervla3,Dunn Andrew6ORCID,Egbe Villard Ebot1,Eshuis Henk1,Goedmakers Annemarie7ORCID,Granjon Anne-Céline1ORCID,Head Josephine1,Hedwig Daniela89ORCID,Hermans Veerle10,Imong Inaoyom6ORCID,Jeffery Kathryn J.111213ORCID,Jones Sorrel11415ORCID,Junker Jessica1ORCID,Kadam Parag16ORCID,Kambere Mbangi1,Kambi Mohamed1ORCID,Kienast Ivonne1,Kujirakwinja Deo6ORCID,Langergraber Kevin E.17,Lapuente Juan1,Larson Bradley1,Lee Kevin117,Leinert Vera3,Llana Manuel18ORCID,Maretti Giovanna1,Marrocoli Sergio1,Martin Rumen1,Mbi Tanyi Julius1,Meier Amelia C.1ORCID,Morgan Bethan1920ORCID,Morgan David21ORCID,Mulindahabi Felix6,Murai Mizuki1,Neil Emily1ORCID,Niyigaba Protais6ORCID,Ormsby Lucy Jayne1,Orume Robinson22,Pacheco Liliana18ORCID,Piel Alex23ORCID,Preece Jodie1ORCID,Regnaut Sebastien3ORCID,Rundus Aaron24ORCID,Sanz Crickette25ORCID,van Schijndel Joost17ORCID,Sommer Volker26,Stewart Fiona23ORCID,Tagg Nikki10ORCID,Vendras Elleni127,Vergnes Virginie3ORCID,Welsh Adam1,Wessling Erin G.12ORCID,Willie Jacob1028,Wittig Roman M.129ORCID,Yuh Yisa Ginath1,Yurkiw Kyle1,Zuberbühler Klaus3031,Kalan Ammie K.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

2. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

3. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

4. West Chester University, Departments of Anthropology and Sociology and Psychology, West Chester, PA 19382, USA.

5. Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

6. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.

7. Chimbo Foundation, Amstel 49, 1011 PW Amsterdam, Netherlands.

8. The Aspinall Foundation, Port Lympne Wild Animal Park, Hythe, Kent, UK.

9. Elephant Listening Project, Bioacoustics Research Program Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.

10. Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium.

11. School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.

12. Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Batterie 4, BP20379, Libreville, Gabon.

13. Institute de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon.

14. Royal Holloway, University of London Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.

15. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Potton Road, Sandy SG19 2DL, UK.

16. University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QG, UK.

17. School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, 900 Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.

18. Instituto Jane Goodall España, Station Biologique Fouta Djallon, Dindéfélo, Région de Kédougou, Senegal.

19. Ebo Forest Research Project, BP3055, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

20. Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, CA 92025, USA.

21. Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.

22. Korup Rainforest Conservation Society, Korup National Park, P.O. Box 36 Mundemba, SW Region, Cameroon.

23. School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.

24. West Chester University, Department of Psychology, West Chester, PA 19382, USA.

25. Washington University in Saint Louis, Department of Anthropology, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

26. University College London, Department of Anthropology, London WC1H 0BW, UK.

27. Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee 1, 60316 Frankfurt, Germany.

28. Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

29. Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, BP 1301, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

30. Université de Neuchâtel, Institut de Biologie, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

31. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, UK.

Abstract

More than just numbers We often frame negative human impacts on animal species in terms of numbers of individuals reduced or numbers of regions from which species are absent. However, human activities are likely affecting species in more complex ways than these figures can capture. Kühl et al. studied behavioral and cultural diversity in our closest relative, the chimpanzee. They found that human-mediated disturbance is reducing these complex traits. Human influence thus goes well beyond simple loss of populations or species, leading to behavioral change even where populations persist. Science , this issue p. 1453

Funder

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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