Anomalous Fractionations of Sulfur Isotopes During Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Anomalous Fractionations of Sulfur Isotopes During Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction

Published:2009-04-17 Issue:5925 Volume:324 Page:370-373
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Watanabe Yumiko¹²,Farquhar James¹²,Ohmoto Hiroshi¹²

Affiliation:

1. The NASA Astrobiology Institute and Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

2. Department of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Abstract

Anomalously fractionated sulfur isotopes in many sedimentary rocks older than 2.4 billion years have been widely believed to be the products of ultraviolet photolysis of volcanic sulfur dioxide in an anoxic atmosphere. Our laboratory experiments have revealed that reduced-sulfur species produced by reactions between powders of amino acids and sulfate at 150° to 200°C possess anomalously fractionated sulfur isotopes: Δ 33 S = +0.1 to +2.1 per mil and Δ 36 S = –1.1 to +1.1 per mil. These results suggest that reactions between organic matter in sediments and sulfate-rich hydrothermal solutions may have produced anomalous sulfur isotope signatures in some sedimentary rocks. If so, the sulfur isotope record of sedimentary rocks may be linked to the biological and thermal evolution of Earth in ways different than previously thought.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference37 articles.

1. The abundance ratios of the stable isotopes of S ( 32 S 33 S 34 S and 36 S) in a material ( i ) are typically reported as d values relative to the Vienna-Canyon Diablo troilite (V-CDT) such as δ 33 S i (‰) = [( 33 S/ 32 S) i /( 33 S/ 32 S) V-CDT – 1] × 1000. δ 33 S i δ 34 S i and δ 36 S i values of most Earth materials especially those younger than ∼2.4 billion years are typically related by δ 33 S i ≈ 0.51 × δ 34 S i and δ 36 S i ≈ 1.9 × δ 34 S i which are termed mass-dependent fractionation (MDF). Deviations from the MDF lines (or reference arrays) are commonly expressed with Δ 33 S i and Δ 36 S i . In this study we define Δ 33 S i = δ 33 S i – 0.515 × δ 34 S i and Δ 36 S i = δ 36 S i – 1.89 × δ 34 S i . When Δ 33 S i and/or Δ 36 S i values deviate from the MDF lines by at least ±0.2‰ and ±0.4‰ respectively and δ 33 S i /δ 34 S i and/or δ 36 S i /δ 34 S i values fall outside of 0.51 ± 0.01 and 1.9 ± 0.1 respectively the material is deemed to contain either mass-independently fractionated (MIF) non–mass dependently fractionated or anomalously fractionated S isotopes. We used anomalously fractionated S isotopes in this report rather than MIF-S because MDF relationships vary substantially depending on the types of reactions (for example equilibrium kinetic chemisorption or radical) and species involved.

2. Variations in the S33, S34, and S36contents of meteorites and their relation to chemical and nuclear effects

3. Ab initio calculations for equilibrium fractionations in multiple sulfur isotope systems

4. Multiple sulfur isotopes and the evolution of the atmosphere

5. Recent advances in spin chemistry

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