Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years

Author:

Seguin-Orlando Andaine1,Korneliussen Thorfinn S.1,Sikora Martin1,Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo1,Manica Andrea2,Moltke Ida34,Albrechtsen Anders4,Ko Amy5,Margaryan Ashot1,Moiseyev Vyacheslav6,Goebel Ted7,Westaway Michael5,Lambert David5,Khartanovich Valeri6,Wall Jeffrey D.8,Nigst Philip R.910,Foley Robert A.111,Lahr Marta Mirazon111,Nielsen Rasmus5,Orlando Ludovic1,Willerslev Eske1

Affiliation:

1. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.

2. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.

3. Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Cummings Life Science Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

4. The Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 København N, Denmark.

5. Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.

6. Department of Physical Anthropology, Kunstkamera, Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Srednii Prospect, Vassilievskii Island, St. Petersburg, Russia.

7. Center for the Study of the First Americans and Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, TAMU-4352, College Station, Texas 77845-4352, USA.

8. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Lobby 5, Suite 5700, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.

9. Division of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3DZ, UK.

10. Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Germany.

11. Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, CB2 1QH, UK.

Abstract

The origin of contemporary Europeans remains contentious. We obtained a genome sequence from Kostenki 14 in European Russia dating from 38,700 to 36,200 years ago, one of the oldest fossils of anatomically modern humans from Europe. We find that Kostenki 14 shares a close ancestry with the 24,000-year-old Mal’ta boy from central Siberia, European Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, some contemporary western Siberians, and many Europeans, but not eastern Asians. Additionally, the Kostenki 14 genome shows evidence of shared ancestry with a population basal to all Eurasians that also relates to later European Neolithic farmers. We find that Kostenki 14 contains more Neandertal DNA that is contained in longer tracts than present Europeans. Our findings reveal the timing of divergence of western Eurasians and East Asians to be more than 36,200 years ago and that European genomic structure today dates back to the Upper Paleolithic and derives from a metapopulation that at times stretched from Europe to central Asia.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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