Natural, incidental, and engineered nanomaterials and their impacts on the Earth system

Author:

Hochella Michael F.12ORCID,Mogk David W.3ORCID,Ranville James4ORCID,Allen Irving C.5ORCID,Luther George W.6ORCID,Marr Linsey C.7ORCID,McGrail B. Peter8ORCID,Murayama Mitsu91011ORCID,Qafoku Nikolla P.2ORCID,Rosso Kevin M.12ORCID,Sahai Nita13,Schroeder Paul A.14ORCID,Vikesland Peter7ORCID,Westerhoff Paul15,Yang Yi16ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

2. Subsurface Science and Technology Group, Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.

3. Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3480, USA.

4. Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.

5. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

6. School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA.

7. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

8. Applied Functional Materials Group, Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.

9. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

10. Reactor Materials and Mechanical Design Group, Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.

11. Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan.

12. Geochemistry Group, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.

13. Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.

14. Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

15. School of Sustainable Engineering and Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

16. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

Abstract

Nanomaterials in the Earth system Nanomaterials have been part of the Earth system for billions of years, but human activities are changing the nature and amounts of these materials. Hochella Jr. et al. review sources and impacts of natural nanomaterials, which are not created directly through human actions; incidental nanomaterials, which form unintentionally during human activities; and engineered nanomaterials, which are created for specific applications. Knowledge of the properties of all three types as they cycle through the Earth system is essential for understanding and mitigating their long-term impacts on the environment and human health. Science , this issue p. eaau8299

Funder

National Science Foundation

Basic Energy Sciences

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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