ATP Signaling Is Crucial for Communication from Taste Buds to Gustatory Nerves

Author:

Finger Thomas E.12345,Danilova Vicktoria12345,Barrows Jennell12345,Bartel Dianna L.12345,Vigers Alison J.12345,Stone Leslie12345,Hellekant Goran12345,Kinnamon Sue C.12345

Affiliation:

1. Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora CO 80045, USA.

2. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora CO 80045, USA.

3. Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.

5. Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.

Abstract

Taste receptor cells detect chemicals in the oral cavity and transmit this information to taste nerves, but the neurotransmitter(s) have not been identified. We report that adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is the key neurotransmitter in this system. Genetic elimination of ionotropic purinergic receptors (P2X 2 and P2X 3 ) eliminates taste responses in the taste nerves, although the nerves remain responsive to touch, temperature, and menthol. Similarly, P2X-knockout mice show greatly reduced behavioral responses to sweeteners, glutamate, and bitter substances. Finally, stimulation of taste buds in vitro evokes release of ATP. Thus, ATP fulfils the criteria for a neurotransmitter linking taste buds to the nervous system.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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