Trichodesmium , a Globally Significant Marine Cyanobacterium-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Trichodesmium , a Globally Significant Marine Cyanobacterium

Published:1997-05-23 Issue:5316 Volume:276 Page:1221-1229
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Capone Douglas G.¹,Zehr Jonathan P.¹,Paerl Hans W.¹,Bergman Birgitta¹,Carpenter Edward J.¹

Affiliation:

1. D. G. Capone is at the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. J. P. Zehr is in the Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. H. W. Paerl is at the Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA. B. Bergman is in the Department of Botany, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. E. J. Carpenter is at the Marine Sciences...

Abstract

Planktonic marine cyanobacteria of the genus Trichodesmium occur throughout the oligotrophic tropical and subtropical oceans. Their unusual adaptations, from the molecular to the macroscopic level, contribute to their ecological success and biogeochemical importance. Trichodesmium fixes nitrogen gas (N 2 ) under fully aerobic conditions while photosynthetically evolving oxygen. Its temporal pattern of N 2 fixation results from an endogenous daily cycle that confines N 2 fixation to daylight hours. Trichodesmium colonies provide a unique pelagic habitat that supports a complex assemblage of consortial organisms. These colonies often represent a large fraction of the plant biomass in tropical, oligotrophic waters and contribute substantially to primary production. N 2 fixation by Trichodesmium is likely a major input to the marine and global nitrogen cycle.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference179 articles.

1. The genus Trichodesmium is composed of a small number of marine cyanobacterial species within the order Oscillatoriales and was first described by Ehrenberg (71). As the name Trichodesmium implies (from the Greek tricho : hair desmos : chain) they are filamentous. Trichodesmium species are most often observed as fusiform or spherical colonies although they also occur as single trichomes (72 73). They notably lack heterocysts the morphologically and biochemically differentiated cells specialized for fixing N 2 which characterize filamentous cyanobacteria of the orders Nostocales and Stigonematales [R. W. Castenholz and J. B. Waterbury in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology J. T. Staley Ed. (Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1989) pp. 1710–1727].

2. The Red Sea obtained its name from the coloration imparted by T. erythraeum (71) [H. J. Carter Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 182 (1863)]. Darwin while aboard the H.M.S. Beagle [C. Darwin Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited During the Voyages of the H.M.S. Beagle Round the World Under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. (Clowes London 1845)] as well as Captain J. Cook and his naturalist J. Banks aboard the H.M.S. Endeavour each commented on Trichodesmium’s appearance and abundance in tropical seas [J. C. Beaglehole Ed. The Endeavor Journals of Joseph Banks 1768–1771 (Angus and Robertson Sydney Australia 1962) vol. II: The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery vol. I: The Voyage of the Endeavor 1768–1771 (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 1955) pp. 404–405]. Because of its buoyancy and tendency to form colonies it is easily observed near the sea surface by the naked eye. The colonies long referred to by mariners as “sea sawdust ” aggregate at the surface during periods of low wind stress to form conspicuous surface slicks or blooms.

3. E. J. Carpenter in Nitrogen in the Marine Environment E. J. Carpenter and D. G. Capone Eds. (Academic Press New York 1983) pp. 65–103.

4. ___ Mar. Biol. Lett. 4 69 (1983)

5. J. R. Gallon et al. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 117 215 (1996).

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