Organic compounds on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko revealed by COSAC mass spectrometry

Author:

Goesmann Fred1,Rosenbauer Helmut1,Bredehöft Jan Hendrik2,Cabane Michel3,Ehrenfreund Pascale45,Gautier Thomas6,Giri Chaitanya17,Krüger Harald1,Le Roy Léna8,MacDermott Alexandra J.9,McKenna-Lawlor Susan10,Meierhenrich Uwe J.7,Caro Guillermo M. Muñoz11,Raulin Francois12,Roll Reinhard1,Steele Andrew13,Steininger Harald1,Sternberg Robert12,Szopa Cyril3,Thiemann Wolfram2,Ulamec Stephan14

Affiliation:

1. Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

2. University of Bremen, Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry, Leobener Strasse NW2, 28359 Bremen, Germany.

3. Université Versailles St-Quentin, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ. Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)–Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers, Laboratoire Atmosphéres, Milieux, Observations Spatiales–Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (LATMOS-IPSL), 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris.

4. Leiden Observatory, Post Office Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.

5. Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

6. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

7. University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Chimie de Nice Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7272 CNRS, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.

8. Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.

9. University of Houston–Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA.

10. Space Technology Ireland, Ltd., Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.

11. Centro de Astrobiología, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ctra. de Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain.

12. Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systémes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris-Est Créteil and Université Paris-Diderot, 94000 Créteil, France.

13. Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA.

14. German Aerospace Center, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany.

Abstract

Comets harbor the most pristine material in our solar system in the form of ice, dust, silicates, and refractory organic material with some interstellar heritage. The evolved gas analyzer Cometary Sampling and Composition (COSAC) experiment aboard Rosetta’s Philae lander was designed for in situ analysis of organic molecules on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Twenty-five minutes after Philae’s initial comet touchdown, the COSAC mass spectrometer took a spectrum in sniffing mode, which displayed a suite of 16 organic compounds, including many nitrogen-bearing species but no sulfur-bearing species, and four compounds—methyl isocyanate, acetone, propionaldehyde, and acetamide—that had not previously been reported in comets.

Funder

L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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