On the nucleus structure and activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

On the nucleus structure and activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Published:2015-01-23 Issue:6220 Volume:347 Page:
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Sierks Holger¹,Barbieri Cesare²,Lamy Philippe L.³,Rodrigo Rafael⁴⁵,Koschny Detlef⁶,Rickman Hans⁷⁸,Keller Horst Uwe⁹¹⁰,Agarwal Jessica¹,A’Hearn Michael F.¹¹¹¹²,Angrilli Francesco¹³,Auger Anne-Therese¹⁴,Barucci M. Antonella¹⁵,Bertaux Jean-Loup¹⁶,Bertini Ivano¹⁷,Besse Sebastien⁶,Bodewits Dennis¹¹,Capanna Claire¹⁴,Cremonese Gabriele¹⁸,Da Deppo Vania¹⁹,Davidsson Björn⁷,Debei Stefano¹³,De Cecco Mariolino²⁰,Ferri Francesca¹⁷,Fornasier Sonia¹⁵,Fulle Marco²¹,Gaskell Robert²²,Giacomini Lorenza¹⁷,Groussin Olivier¹⁴,Gutierrez-Marques Pablo¹,Gutiérrez Pedro J.²³,Güttler Carsten¹,Hoekzema Nick¹,Hviid Stubbe F.¹¹⁰,Ip Wing-Huen²⁴²⁵,Jorda Laurent¹⁴,Knollenberg Jörg¹⁰,Kovacs Gabor¹,Kramm J. Rainer¹,Kührt Ekkehard¹⁰,Küppers Michael²⁶,La Forgia Fiorangela²,Lara Luisa M.²³,Lazzarin Monica²,Leyrat Cédric¹⁵,Lopez Moreno Josè J.²³,Magrin Sara²,Marchi Simone²⁷,Marzari Francesco²,Massironi Matteo¹⁷²⁸,Michalik Harald²⁹,Moissl Richard²⁶,Mottola Stefano¹⁰,Naletto Giampiero¹⁷¹⁹³⁰,Oklay Nilda¹,Pajola Maurizio¹⁷,Pertile Marco¹³¹⁷,Preusker Frank¹⁰,Sabau Lola³¹,Scholten Frank¹⁰,Snodgrass Colin¹,Thomas Nicolas³²³³,Tubiana Cecilia¹,Vincent Jean-Baptiste¹,Wenzel Klaus-Peter⁶,Zaccariotto Mirco¹³¹⁷,Pätzold Martin³⁴

Affiliation:

1. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.

3. Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326, CNRS & Aix Marseille Université, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France.

4. Centro de Astrobiologia, CSIC-INTA,28850 Madrid, Spain.

5. International Space Science Institute, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

6. Scientific Support Office, European Space Research and Technology Centre/ESA, 2201 AZ Noordwijk ZH, Netherlands.

7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

8. PAS Space Research Center, 00716 Warszawa, Poland.

9. Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.

10. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

11. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

12. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

13. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.

14. Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France.

15. LESIA–Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France.

16. LATMOS, CNRS/UVSQ/IPSL, 78280 Guyancourt, France.

17. Centro di Ateneo di Studi ed Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” (CISAS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.

18. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.

19. CNR-IFN UOS Padova LUXOR, 35131 Padova, Italy.

20. University of Trento, 38100 Trento, Italy.

21. INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, 34014 Trieste, Italy.

22. Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.

23. Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC), c/ Glorieta de la AstronomÌa s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain.

24. Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan.

25. Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.

26. Operations Department, European Space Astronomy Centre/ESA, 28691 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain.

27. Solar System Exploration Research, Virtual Institute, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.

28. Dipartimento di Geoscienze, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.

29. Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.

30. Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.

31. Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.

32. Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

33. Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

34. Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung, Abteilung Planetenforschung, Universität zu Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany.

Abstract

Images from the OSIRIS scientific imaging system onboard Rosetta show that the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko consists of two lobes connected by a short neck. The nucleus has a bulk density less than half that of water. Activity at a distance from the Sun of >3 astronomical units is predominantly from the neck, where jets have been seen consistently. The nucleus rotates about the principal axis of momentum. The surface morphology suggests that the removal of larger volumes of material, possibly via explosive release of subsurface pressure or via creation of overhangs by sublimation, may be a major mass loss process. The shape raises the question of whether the two lobes represent a contact binary formed 4.5 billion years ago, or a single body where a gap has evolved via mass loss.

Funder

MEC

Swiss National Science Foundation

SNSB

Swedish National Space Board

CNES

DLR

ASI

Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan

NASA JPL

Polish National Science Center

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference42 articles.

1. OSIRIS – The Scientific Camera System Onboard Rosetta

2. A Portrait of the Nucleus of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

3. S. Mottola et al . The rotation state of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from approach observations with the OSIRIS cameras on Rosetta. Astron. Astrophys . 569 id.L2 (2014). 10.1051/0004-6361/201424590

4. Outgassing-induced effects in the rotational state of comet 67P/Churyumov—Gerasimenko during the Rosetta mission

5. The northern hemisphere of asteroid (21) Lutetia—topography and orthoimages from Rosetta OSIRIS NAC image data

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