1. Inverse Temperature Dependence of Toughness in an Ultrafine Grain-Structure Steel
2. McEvily A. J., 1, Metal Failures (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2001).
3. Electron microscopy investigations of ferrous martensites
4. The Nature and Consequences of Coherent Transformations in Steel.
5. The effective yield stress in the Yoffee diagram is the stress required to plastically deform the severely constrained material at the tip of a sharp crack. Unless the loaded piece is very thin geometric constraints at the crack tip have the consequence that plastic deformation is difficult there and requires a stress σ Y that is three to five times the conventional yield stress measured in standard tensile tests using unconstrained samples and tabulated in tables of engineering properties (4 11).