The North Atlantic Spring Phytoplankton Bloom and Sverdrup's Critical Depth Hypothesis

Abstract

More than 50 years ago, Harald Sverdrup developed a simple model for the necessary conditions leading to the spring bloom of phytoplankton. Although this model has been used extensively across a variety of aquatic ecosystems, its application requires knowledge of community compensation irradiance ( I C ), the light level where photosynthetic and ecosystem community loss processes balance. However, reported I C values have varied by an order of magnitude. Here, I C estimates are determined using satellite and hydrographic data sets consistent with the assumptions in Sverdrup's 1953 critical depth hypothesis. Retrieved values of I C are approximately uniform throughout much of the North Atlantic with a mean value of 1.3 mol photons meter −2 day −1 . These community-based I C determinations are roughly twice typical values found for phytoplankton alone indicating that phytoplankton account for approximately one-half of community ecosystem losses. This work also suggests that important aspects of heterotrophic community dynamics can be assessed using satellite observations.