Multiple lineages of monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021

Multiple lineages of monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021–2022

Published:2022-11-04 Issue:6619 Volume:378 Page:560-565
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Gigante Crystal M.¹^ORCID,Korber Bette²^ORCID,Seabolt Matthew H.¹³^ORCID,Wilkins Kimberly¹^ORCID,Davidson Whitni¹^ORCID,Rao Agam K.¹,Zhao Hui¹^ORCID,Smith Todd G.¹,Hughes Christine M.¹^ORCID,Minhaj Faisal¹^ORCID,Waltenburg Michelle A.¹^ORCID,Theiler James⁴^ORCID,Smole Sandra⁵^ORCID,Gallagher Glen R.⁵^ORCID,Blythe David⁶^ORCID,Myers Robert⁶^ORCID,Schulte Joann⁷,Stringer Joey⁷^ORCID,Lee Philip⁸,Mendoza Rafael M.⁹,Griffin-Thomas LaToya A.¹⁰^ORCID,Crain Jenny¹¹^ORCID,Murray Jade¹²,Atkinson Annette¹²,Gonzalez Anthony H.¹³,Nash June¹³^ORCID,Batra Dhwani¹^ORCID,Damon Inger¹,McQuiston Jennifer¹^ORCID,Hutson Christina L.¹,McCollum Andrea M.¹^ORCID,Li Yu¹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

2. T-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA.

3. Leidos Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA.

4. ISR-3: Space Data Science and Systems, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.

5. Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA.

6. Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Outbreak Response Bureau, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

7. Dallas County Health and Human Services Public Health Laboratory, Dallas, Texas, USA.

8. Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

9. Florida Department of Health in Broward County, Hollywood, FL, USA.

10. Virginia Department of General Services, Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Richmond, VA, USA.

11. Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, VA, USA.

12. Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

13. Sacramento County Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Abstract

Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease endemic in Central and West Africa. In May 2022, dozens of non-endemic countries reported hundreds of monkeypox cases, most with no epidemiological link to Africa. We identified two lineages of monkeypox virus (MPXV) among two 2021 and seven 2022 US monkeypox cases: the major 2022 outbreak variant called B.1 and a minor contemporaneously sampled variant called A.2. Analyses of mutations among these two variants revealed an extreme preference for GA-to-AA mutations indicative of human APOBEC3 cytosine deaminase activity among Clade IIb MPXV (previously West African, Nigeria) sampled since 2017. Such mutations were not enriched within other MPXV clades. These findings suggest that APOBEC3 editing may be a recurrent and a dominant driver of MPXV evolution within the current outbreak.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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