Characteristics of the effect of exosomes isolated from donor plasma and placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium on the paracrine secretion of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Abstract

Extracellular small vesicles – exosomes, attract the attention of researchers as a promising tool for regulating intercellular communication. At the same time, the therapeutic effects achieved through the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are traditionally considered by medicine as a time-tested, multi-vector strategy for the treatment of various pathologies. In particular, in addition to the application of MSCs directly, it is important to study the products of their secretion. Aim. To study characteristics of the influence of exosomes isolated from blood plasma of healthy donors and conditioned medium of placental mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) culture on paracrine secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in vitro. Materials and methods. The characteristics of paracrine secretion of PBMCs in patients with CHF by the content of proteins VEGF-A, MCP-1, ICAM-1 in their culture medium were studied in two directions: under the influence of exosomes isolated from plasma of healthy donors and exosomes isolated from placental MSC culture medium. Results. Incubation of PBMCs with plasma exosomes increased VEGF-A secretion in the group of healthy donors by 2.73 times (P ≤ 0.05), in patients with CHF – by 2 times (P ≤ 0.05); but there were a multidirectional effect on the content of ICAM-1 protein: it was 1.8 times (P ≤ 0.05) increased in the group of donors and 1.4 times (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in the group of CHF patients; MCP-1 secretion was insignificantly 10 % reduced in the donor group and did not change significantly in patients. Incubation of РВМС with exosomes isolated from MSC conditioned medium did not cause significant changes in paracrine secretion of PBMCs: there was a decrease in secretion of VEGF-A by 25 %, ICAM-1 by 17 %, MCP-1 by 22 % in the group of healthy volunteers; secretion of these proteins was 19.7 %, 22.0 % and 25.0 % decreased, respectively, in the group of CHF patients. The effects observed in the incubation of PBMCs with exosomes isolated from blood plasma of healthy donors and conditioned medium of placental MSC culture have provided valuable information for the design of future studies in this area of cell biology. Conclusions. Our studies have demonstrated in vitro the effects of exosomes isolated from donor plasma and conditioned medium on the functional properties of human PBMCs.