Occupational conditionality of integral hematological indices in metallurgical production workers

Abstract

The health of the working population is one of the main guarantors of the sustainable and planned development of the state's economy, while working conditions and factors of the production environment play an important role in its formation. Studies of indicators of endogenous intoxication make it possible to identify the formation of adaptive and compensatory changes in the hemogram depending on the conditions of the production environment and the labor process. The study aims to explore the degree of professional conditionality of integral hematological indices for early diagnosis of the harmful effects of production factors on the body of workers employed in metallurgy. The authors have analyzed the results of some integral hematological indices and carried out the assessment of occupational risk in accordance with the "Temporary methodological recommendations for the calculation of occupational risk indicators" (2005) and the methodological recommendations "Methodology for the detection of occupational diseases and diseases related to working conditions" based on the calculation of relative risk (RR, units) and etiological proportion (EF, %). The calculation of the leukocyte intoxication index showed high values in all occupational groups from 50.00% for electricians and gas welders to 88.16% for potash workers. Scientists diagnosed a significantly increased number of eosinophilic granulocytes (more than 5%) in 26.09% of draggers, in 34.52% of rope-winding machinists, in 38.16% of potters compared with the control group (p<0.001). Scientists determined the most pronounced changes in the indicators of endogenous intoxication in the first five years of contact with harmful factors of production. We found high LII values in 62.16% of draggers, 75.00% of compressor unit drivers, 73.53% of rope winding drivers and 45.00% of electricians. The content of eosinophils in peripheral blood, as well as the calculated allergization index, demonstrate almost complete industrial conditionality in all occupational groups of the examined (RR>5, EF=81–100%). In the group of electricians, these indicators have a very high degree of production conditionality. Timely identification of workers with violations of integral hematological indices in the dynamics of professional activity allows them to be identified as a risk group for further monitoring and preventive measures. Limitations. The conducted study took into account the influence of only harmful production factors on deviations of integral hematological indices in workers of metallurgical production. Ethics. The material of the article was approved by the Bioethical Commission at the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology (Protocol No. 01-11 dated 11/22/2023).