Results of fundamental studies of the East Siberian Institute of medical and environmental studies on the main problems of occupational health and human ecology (to the 60th anniversary of the Institute)

Abstract

The solution of modern problems of occupational health and human ecology not only gives the possibility of implementating measures aimed at improving the health of workers, but also determines the future quality of life of the population. Implementation of basic research focused on the study of the pathogenesis of leading occupational and environmentally related diseases, and the development of scientific and practical measures to improve methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention remain the main activities of the Institute and meet the priorities of the strategy of scientific and technological development of the country and the key objectives of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from May 7, 2018.The results of long-term studies of the Institute on the infl uence of a number of toxicants (mercury, lead, vinyl chloride and a complex of toxic neurotropic substances formed in fi res) allowed for the fi rst time to develop scientifi c and methodological bases for modeling toxic encephalopathy. Th e features of the formation of violations of bioelectric activity of the brain, revealed violations of metabolic and myogenic mechanisms of regulation of cerebral blood fl ow and elastic-tonic properties of arteries. Studies have allowed to develop a classifi cation of intoxication complex neurotropic toxic substances, methods of predicting their development. Presents a study of possibility of formation in persons with chronic mercury intoxication as an independent professional disease — ophthalmoergonomics. Proved the concept of autoimmunological progressive course occupational toxic encephalopathy. For the fi rst time it was established that silver nanoparticles encapsulated in a natural polymer matrix — arabinogalactan — can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and persist for a long time in the nervous tissue, causing progressive morphological and functional disorders of its cellular and intracellular organization. Th e necessity to develop new methodological approaches to the assessment of safety. An experimental model for the evaluation of neurotoxic properties of nanocomposites has been developed.When studying the eff ect of vibration on the body, it was found that in patients with vibration disease in the post-contact period (aft er the termination of work with a vibration tool), previously formed foci of pathological activity and changes in bioelectric activity with interhemispheric asymmetry persist for a long time. Th e General regularities of changes in the Central aff erent conductive structures and peripheral nerves caused by neurochemical shift s in certain specialized structures of the nervous tissue were establis hed. Th e article presents materials on the impact of industrial emissions on the morbidity of children. When studying the response of the adaptive reactions of the organism to the immune chronic exposure revealed the gradual changes in the indices of immunity.