The influence of medical examinations on the structure of oncological pathology of employees in the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia, Kaliningrad region)

Abstract

Introduction. Oncological diseases occupy the second place among the causes of mortality of the Russian population. In the age structure of the morbidity of the male and female population, the differences appear clearly after 30 years. The proportion of malignant neoplasms at the age of 30-49 years in the group of diseased women is higher than in the group of diseased men. This is the largest age group of active employees of the internal affairs bodies who have the necessary knowledge and skills to perform official duties, which determines the relevance of the study. The study aims to assess the relationship between the quality and completeness of medical examinations with the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of current employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region. Materials and methods. The researchers have analyzed the accounting form No. 025/u (medical card of a patient receiving medical care on an outpatient basis) of patients with identified oncopathology for nine years (2013-2021). During this period, the Medical and Sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region registered forty two cases of oncological diseases of active employees of the internal affairs bodies. Only a group of active employees were analyzed at the time of cancer detection. Results. The study group consisted of twenty men and twenty two women. The average age of the patients is 42.6 years. Malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary sphere dominate among male employees (35%), among female employees - tumors of the reproductive system (68.2%). Moreover, in 63.6% of cases, tumors of the reproductive system of female employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region are represented by breast cancer. Cases of cervical and uterine body cancer during the study period (2013-2021) were not detected in female employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region. Limitations. The data on the number of employees of the organization are closed, so the article presents only equity indicators. Conclusion. Medical examination by military medical commissions of citizens entering the service of the internal affairs bodies allows the selection of mostly healthy people. The annual passage of preventive medical examinations, as the duty of current employees of the internal affairs bodies, ensures the observation and timely treatment of detected diseases, which helps to reduce the frequency of development of a number of forms of malignant neoplasms and changes the structure of cancer incidence. At the same time, there is a malignant pathology (breast cancer) in female employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region, the frequency of formation of which cannot be reduced by the implementation of this algorithm, which forces us to resort to additional measures. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with medical secrecy.