The Impact of Non-Rooted Social Institutions on The Development of National and Regional Innovation Systems

Abstract

Regional innovation systems (RIS) not only develop local policies to expand regional science, technology, and innovation capabilities at the firm level, but also promote informal and formal institutional and organizational innovation. Thence, it appears crucial to analyse the similarities and differences of regional innovation systems and to explore the complexity of developing and implementing innovation policies on the ground in different regional innovation systems while noting important policy implications for regional innovation management and institutional arrangements for updating them systematically. Our paper demonstrates that when organizations and business companies wish to immerse themselves into the social and business environment, they have to devise tools and mechanisms aimed at supporting the development and implementation of regional social innovations which enhance the processes of the social responsibility. Our paper offers a comprehensive discussion that focuses on the national and regional innovation systems, their macrostructure, as well as their profile. Based on the ranking of the Global Innovation Index, we select the countries from the groups with different income levels and analyse them with respect to the impact of non-rooted social institutions (R&D, education, funds, public infrastructure, etc.) on the development of national and regional innovation systems. Our results yield the interdependence between the creation of clusters or the building of innovative ecosystems and the effectiveness of the economic and social development fostered by the innovation processes emerging in these systems.