Orodental, Facial and Clinical Features of Mutation-Positive Noonan Syndrome: A Monocentric Study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate orodental, facial, clinical and molecular characteristics of the patients with Noonan Syndrome (NS).Study Design: The orodental, clinical and molecular characteristics of 29 mutation-positive patients with NS were recorded. Orodental examination was performed in 17 patients. All exons and exonintron boundries of PTPN11 and SOS1 genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Results: A total of 29 patients with NS from 27 unrelated families were included in the study. Seventeen patients were examined by a specialist in oral medicine. The most common orodental findings were high-arched palate (n=13), gingivitis (n=6) and severe caries (n=6). Anterior open bite, posterior cross bite, Class II malocclusion, hypodontia, prognathism (maxillary or mandibular), macroglossia and gingival hyperplasia were also detected. Thirteen different mutations were observed in PTPN11 gene and exon 3 was the hotspot region. Hypodontia was detected in two patients who had the same mutation in PTPN11 gene, c.181G>A, p.D61N. Conclusion: This study indicated a high prevalance of orodental problems including high-arched palate, severe dental caries and gingivitis in patients with mutation-positive NS. The mutation in PTPN11 gene, c.181G>A, p.D61N, may be associated with hypodontia in patients with NS.