Implementation of Manual and Automated Water Regulation for Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Ferrets (Mustela putorius)

Abstract

Water regulation is a procedure that allows animals to consume water volumes equivalent to ad libitum access, but access is limited to specific time intervals (that is, water is not available outside of the designated access periods). Despite the relatively common use of water regulation in research, the implementation method is rarely detailed, stating only that water was available in the animal's home cage at specific times. For planned toxicologic assessments, we placed rats (n = 510) and ferrets (n = 16) on water regulation using both automated and manual methods. In testing our systems, we defined "successful implementation" as maintenance of appropriate weight gain and health status. An automated system that controlled water access to an entire rat rack was successful for most rats, but several rats failed to consume enough water even after 2 wk of experience. Manual methods of water regulation were successful in rats by either moving the cage to prevent access to the drinking valve or by placing/removing water bottles. An automated system that controlled water access from water bottles was implemented for ferrets and was maintained for up to 30 wk. Retrospective comparison of body weights to standard growth curves for both species showed that all animals grew normally despite water regulation. Differences in the systems and some species considerations provide insights into the key elements necessary for successful water regulation in rats and ferrets.