Historical aspects of pig breeding in Siberia (review)

Abstract

Historical descriptions of extinct Siberian pig breeds or those on the verge of extinction are presented for a better understanding of the breeding process in the domestic pig breeding and hybridization system, which determines the improvement of productive and breed characters. An overview of pig breeds in Siberia is given in terms of the history of their breeding, the breeding and genetic methods used and the achievements obtained. The absence of living representatives of extinct breeds does not allow to study more deeply their physiological, morphological features, the potential of productivity at a high level of feeding both in conditions of modern industrial complexes and using modern genetic breeding methods. Literature sources used for the review describe in sufficient detail breeds and types, and give data on productivity under the conditions of the then-existing system of housing and feeding. Aspects of the formation, development and the current state of pig breeding, as well as the existing problems in the industry are highlighted. The following breeds are described: Siberian Northern, Kemerovo, Early Maturing Meat (EM-1), Novosibirsk Large White Breed, Achinsk Large White Breed, Kemerovo Factory Meat Pigs (KM-1), Chelyabinsk Breed, Altai Meat Breed. Methodological approaches and breeding achievements in the breeding of new breeds and breed types in Siberia are shown. The important practical significance of breeding and genetic methods in the system of industrial production in modern conditions is noted. The issue of the possibility of using the genetic potential of domestic pig breeds under conditions of import substitution on the basis of advanced technological and methodological approaches of scientists and practitioners in the conditions of Siberia was considered.