Changes in the biochemical parameters of soybeans depending on the growing conditions

Abstract

The results of the analysis of changes in biochemical parameters of soybeans depending on growing conditions are presented. The object of the study was samples of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) of the Lydia variety and wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) forms of KA-1344 grown on natural soils (control and with a high content of heavy metals). The analysis was carried out in leaves, stems, roots, flowers and seeds of cultivated and wild soybeans in the phase of the first triple leaf, flowering and fruiting. The content of malonic dialdehyde and the specific activity of acid phosphatase were determined by spectrophotometric method, the activity of peroxidase – by colorimetric method, the content of zinc, copper and lead – by atomic absorption. Electrophoretic spectra of acid phosphatase were detected by electrophoresis on columns of 7.5% polyacrylamide gel. Identification of zones with enzymatic activity on the gel was carried out by appropriate histochemical methods. It has been established that the cultivation of soybeans on soil with a high content of zinc, copper and lead leads to their accumulation in the organs of soybeans. The highest content of the studied metals is found in the roots. Growing soybeans on soil with a high content of zinc, copper and lead led to an increase in the specific activity of peroxidase in its organs. At the same time, the content of malonic dialdehyde in cultivated soybeans significantly increased only in stems during the phase of the first triple leaf and in roots during the flowering phase, and in wild soybeans in leaves, stems and roots during the phase of the first triple leaf and in stems during the flowering phase. It has been revealed that the flowers have the maximum specific activity of acid phosphatase. Cultivated soybeans, under conditions of increased zinc, copper and lead content in the soil, were characterized by an increase in the specific activity of acid phosphatase and the appearance of new multiple forms. For wild soybeans, in general, there was a decrease in the specific activity of acid phosphatase and an increase in the number of multiple forms of the enzyme.