Mathematical model for choosing grain crops cultivation technologies

Abstract

Research has been conducted to improve the efficiency of agricultural production by choosing technology and technical equipment based on a mathematical model, taking into account the peculiarities of location and production conditions of a farm. The limiting factors of the development of grain production are highlighted such as moisture content and the sum of temperatures during the growing season, frost-free period, etc. Basic soil tillage technologies that minimize the impact of limiting factors on the yield are considered. A generalized block diagramme of the selection process of technologies and technical means for the crop cultivation is presented. Constraints are formed that affect the choice of agricultural technology such as soil and climatic conditions, phytosanitary conditions, crop rotation, availability of seeds and  equipment,  etc.  Optimization  criteria have been substantiated that allow to choose technologies and technical means, ensuring cost reduction, energy saving and labor saving while following the specified agrotechnical deadlines of technological operations. A mathematical model has been developed with optimality criteria: consumption of fuels and lubricants, the number of machine operators and production cost. The model includes the following restrictions: the agroclimatic location of the farm, personnel potential, and fulfilment of a given amount of work. The model allows to evaluate agricultural technology and technical means according to the following parameters: the minimum amount of direct costs, the minimum consumption of fuel and lubricants and the necessary number of machine operators for the implementation of agricultural technology. This model will become the basis of the software, which will be used to test the results and data obtained on a specific farm. The use of this software will increase the efficiency of agricultural production by making informed management decisions for agricultural producers in the selection and implementation of technologies.