Desiccation and senification in the technology of cultivation of winter triticale varieties in the Middle Urals

Abstract

Triticale is an artificially man-made culture that has both positive and negative signs and properties. One of such undesirable signs is the low resistance of the grain to germination during maturation. Therefore, the search for ways to reduce this phenomenon is an urgent issue. Pre-harvest treatment of crops, namely desiccation and senification, can be a solution to this problem. The purpose of the study, conducted in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, geographically belonging to the Middle Urals, was a comparative study of the effect of desiccation and senification of crops on yield and grain quality of winter triticale. In a two-factor field experiment during the growing seasons 2021 and 2022, the varieties Izhevskaya 2 (control) and Beta, whose crops were treated with desiccant Sukhovey and seni- cants – 20 and 30% solutions of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, were studied. In the years of the study, the final stages of ontogenesis in triticale varieties took place in hot dry conditions. As a result, the effect of the studied substances did not affect the grain yield. When comparing the declared varieties, the yield advantage of the Beta variety was established due to the formation of larger grains and higher inflorescence productivity. At the same time, a greater accumulation of dry matter per unit area was characterized by a higher-growing variety Izhevskaya 2. In the course of the experiment the increase of the natural weight indices of winter triticale variety Beta by 7–9 g/l in the variants with the use of ammonium sulfate was revealed. Grain volume weight of the Izhevskaya 2 variety did not change under the influence of the studied methods.