Mathematical models of free kick and penalty in soccer

Abstract

This paper presents a mathematical model for free kick and penalty in Soccer. The modeling is done by assuming the ball moves inside the air fluid and takes into account the influence of the direction, speed, rotation, and the elevation angle of the ball with the ground, and gravitational acceleration of aerodynamic forces such as drag force and Magnus force. The results of this modeling can explain physically how a player can do a very spectacular free kick, the ball soars high over the posse and suddenly dips towards the goal. Moreover, if the player gets the optimal value of the components, goals can be scored from these shots.