Actively Open-Minded Thinking, Bullshit Receptivity, and Susceptibility to Framing

Author:

Rachev Nikolay R.1ORCID,Geiger Sandra J.2ORCID,Vintr Jáchym3ORCID,Kirilova Desislava1,Nabutovsky Anna45ORCID,Nelsson Joakim6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of General, Experimental, Developmental, and Health Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria

2. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

3. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia

4. Department of Psychology, Department of Statistical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada

5. School of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

6. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden

Abstract

Abstract. The framing effect occurs when different presentations of the same problem lead to predictably different preferences. The dual-process framework of higher cognition assumes that the effect violates rational principles, but alternative accounts and recent evidence have contested this interpretation. Contributing to this debate, we tested the dual-process assumption by investigating associations between susceptibility to framing and the willingness and ability to think in line with rational norms, conceptualized as actively open-minded thinking and pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. We conducted two online studies among North American ( N = 259) and Bulgarian ( N = 248) university students and administered several framing problems within-subjects, presumably necessary for the associations to appear. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that susceptibility to framing was associated with decreased actively open-minded thinking and increased bullshit receptivity in both sites. Exploratory multi-group analyses demonstrated partial strong invariance and showed that the findings generalize across both sites in terms of direction and partially in terms of magnitude. These results broadly support the dual-process account of the framing effect. Our study further contributes to adapting existing measures to a novel setting and expanding the findings across borders and populations.

Publisher

Hogrefe Publishing Group

Subject

Applied Psychology

Reference47 articles.

1. The Effect of Transparency on Framing Effects in Within-Subject Designs

2. Baron, J. (1991). Beliefs about thinking. In J. F. Voss, D. N. Perkins, & J. W. Segal (Eds.),Informal reasoning and education(pp. 169–186). Erlbaum.

3. Actively open-minded thinking in politics

4. Actively open-minded thinking in politics

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