Parental Burnout Across the Globe During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author:

van Bakel Hedwig1ORCID,Bastiaansen Coco1ORCID,Hall Ruby1,Schwabe Inga2ORCID,Verspeek Emmie1ORCID,Gross James J.3,Brandt Julie Ackerlund4ORCID,Aguiar Joyce5ORCID,Akgun Ege6ORCID,Arikan Gizem7,Aunola Kaisa8ORCID,Bajgarová Zdenka9ORCID,Beyers Wim10ORCID,Bílková Zuzana9ORCID,Boujut Emilie11,Chen Bin-Bin12,Dorard Géraldine13ORCID,Escobar Maria Josefina14ORCID,Furutani Kaichiro15ORCID,Gaspar Maria Filomena16,Griffith Annette3ORCID,Helmy Mai1718ORCID,Huynh Mai Trang19ORCID,Kaneza Emérence20,Lasso Báez Roberto Andres21ORCID,Lebert Astrid11ORCID,Le Vigouroux Sarah22ORCID,Lee Yanhee23,Mai Hong Dao19ORCID,Manrique-Millones Denisse24ORCID,Millones Rivalles Rosa Bertha25,Miscioscia Marina26ORCID,Mousavi Seyyedeh Fatemeh27ORCID,Eom Munseol23,Ndayizigiy Alexis20,Tenkue Josue Ngnombouowo28,Cadiz Daniela Oyarce29ORCID,Pineda-Marin Claudia21ORCID,Psychountaki Maria30ORCID,Qu Yang31ORCID,Salinas-Quiroz Fernando32ORCID,Santelices María Pía33,Scola Celine34,Schrooyen Charlotte9ORCID,Cabrera Paola Silva35,Simonelli Alessandra26,Skarbalienė Aelita36ORCID,Skarbalius Egidijus36,Soenens Bart9,Sorkkila Matilda7ORCID,Swit Cara37ORCID,Szczygieł Dorota38ORCID,Theotokatos George30ORCID,Ustundag-Budak Ayse Meltem39ORCID,Verhofstadt Lesley10,Vertsberger Dana3ORCID,Wendland Jacqueline11ORCID,Mikolajczak Moïra39ORCID,Roskam Isabelle39ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands

2. Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands

3. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

4. Applied Behavior Analysis Department, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA

5. Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

6. Faculty of Educational Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

7. Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey

8. Department of Psychology/Department of Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

9. Department of Psychology, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

10. Department of Developmental, Personality & Social Psychology/Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

11. Institute of Psychology, Paris Cité University, Paris, France

12. Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Fudan, China

13. Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France

14. Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN) Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile

15. Faculty of Business Administration, Hokkai-Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan

16. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

17. Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Egypt

18. Psychology Department, College of Education Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman

19. Department of Psychology, HCMC University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

20. Education and Psychotherapy Clinic, Bujumbura, Burundi

21. Department of Psychology, Konrad Lorenz University, Bogota, Colombia

22. Department of Psychology, University of Nimes, Nimes, France

23. Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea

24. Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Científica del Sur, University of Lima, Lima, Peru

25. Programa de Investigación Científica e Innovación, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Peru

26. Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

27. Department of Psychology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

28. Department of Psychology, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon

29. Department of Psychology, Universidad Santo Tomas, Talca, Chile

30. School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

31. School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

32. Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA

33. School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

34. Department of Psychology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France

35. Institute of Psychology, Education and Human Development, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay

36. Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania

37. Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

38. Department of Psychology, SWSP University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland

39. Psychological Sciences Research Institute Catholic, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Abstract

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all societies worldwide. The heightened levels of stress that accompanied the crisis were also expected to affect parenting in many families. Since it is known that high levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to a condition that has severe consequences for health and well-being, we examined whether the prevalence of parental burnout in 26 countries (9,923 parents; 75% mothers; mean age 40) increased during COVID-19 compared to few years before the pandemic. In most (but not all) countries, analyses showed a significant increase in the prevalence of parental burnout during the pandemic. The results further revealed that next to governmental measures (e.g., number of days locked down, homeschooling) and factors at the individual and family level (e.g., gender, number of children), parents in less (vs. more) indulgent countries suffered more from parental burnout. The findings suggest that stricter norms regarding their parenting roles and duties in general and during the pandemic in particular might have increased their levels of parental burnout.

Publisher

Hogrefe Publishing Group

Subject

Applied Psychology,Clinical Psychology,Social Psychology

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