Assessment of Styrene Oxide Neurotoxicity Using In Vitro Auditory Cortex Networks

Author:

Gopal Kamakshi V.12,Wu Calvin123,Moore Ernest J.12,Gross Guenter W.23

Affiliation:

1. Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305010, Denton, TX 76203-5010, USA

2. Center for Network Neuroscience, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305010, Denton, TX 76203-5010, USA

3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305010, Denton, TX 76203-5010, USA

Abstract

Styrene oxide (SO) (C8H8O), the major metabolite of styrene (C6H5CH=CH2), is widely used in industrial applications. Styrene and SO are neurotoxic and cause damaging effects on the auditory system. However, little is known about their concentration-dependent electrophysiological and morphological effects. We used spontaneously active auditory cortex networks (ACNs) growing on microelectrode arrays (MEA) to characterize neurotoxic effects of SO. Acute application of 0.1 to 3.0 mM SO showed concentration-dependent inhibition of spike activity with no noticeable morphological changes. The spike rate IC50 (concentration inducing 50% inhibition) was 511±60 μM (n=10). Subchronic (5 hr) single applications of 0.5 mM SO also showed 50% activity reduction with no overt changes in morphology. The results imply that electrophysiological toxicity precedes cytotoxicity. Five-hour exposures to 2 mM SO revealed neuronal death, irreversible activity loss, and pronounced glial swelling. Paradoxical “protection” by 40 μM bicuculline suggests binding of SO to GABA receptors.

Funder

University of North Texas

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Medicine

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