Comparison of growth factors isolated from exosomes present in maternal blood of cleft and non-cleft infants for identification and quantification of growth factors involved in the growth and development of cartilage.

Abstract

Background Cleft lip and palate (C.L.P.) is a common congenital condition which affects the orofacial region. The aetiology of C.L.P. is multifaceted and involves genetic and environmental factors that impact the shape and position of the nasal cartilage, resulting in an asymmetrical appearance of the nose. Growth factors are crucial in regulating cartilage synthesis and repair. Exosomes have emerged as a promising cell-free drug delivery system that facilitates intercellular communication and maintains tissue homeostasis. This study identifies and quantifies the growth factors present in exosomes derived from lactating maternal blood of cleft and non-cleft infants and compares them to evaluate the differences. The study aims to assess the potential of these exosomes as a therapeutic approach for C.L.P. management. Methods Blood samples were collected from lactating mothers at Sharad Pawar Dental College and isolating plasma using centrifugation. Exosome and total protein isolation will be conducted in the laboratory, and immunoblotting will evaluate growth factors. Quantitative and comparative protein and growth factor analysis will be conducted separately for maternal blood samples. Results The growth factors responsible for cartilage growth and development will be present in maternal exosomes, potentially leading to novel therapies for C.L.P. management. The study aims to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of exosomes, as carriers of intra-cellular factors, in transporting growth factors to the required site for managing C.L.P. Conclusions Overall, by understanding the roles played by growth factors, intercellular communication, and genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of C.L.P., this research can contribute to creating effective treatment strategies for C.L.P. management. Finding growth factors in exosomes made from the blood of nursing mothers could be a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy for treating C.L.P.