Molecular survey of certain protozoan agents that cause diarrhea in children in Sudan

Abstract

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in third world countries; identification of causative agents of diarrhea is essential to apply measures to prevent and control this disease. In addition, scant data are available regarding childhood diarrhea in Sudan. Our research aimed to determine the incidence of specific protozoan pathogens (Entameobia histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and Gardia lambelia) among the young (aged less than five years) in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a parasitological cross-sectional survey, and stool samples from 437 patients were examined for E. histolytica, C.  parvum, and G. lambelia using a multiplex real-time PCR method. Results Of the 437 stool samples tested, infection with intestinal parasite was found in 155 (35.5%) cases, and co-infection was identified in 16 (3.7%) cases. G. lambelia (18.8%) and C. parvum (15.8 %) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by E. histolytica (0.5%). The highest and lowest rates of parasitic infections were seen in the less than two years age group (32.7%), and in the 2–4-year-old group (2.7%), the male children showed higher rates of infections (23.7%) compared to females (11.7%). The incidence of protozoan infection was higher (37.7%) in the rainy season (August to December) (32.7%) in contrast with that (2.7%) in the dry season (April to June). Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of G. lambelia and C. parvum in children with diarrhea in Khartoum State and the multiplex real-time technique's usefulness in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.