Composition and hepatoprotective effect of geopropolis of Melipona subnitida

Abstract

Background: Geopropolis produced by bees of the subfamily Meliponinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) is used in Brazilian popular medicine for the treatment of different diseases. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of the hydroethanolic extract from geopropolis (HPE) produced by Melipona subnitida Ducke. Additionally, the chemical composition of HPE and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. Methods: The hepatoprotective potential of HPE was evaluated by serum biochemical profile and macroscopic and histological examination of the liver of 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), distributed in four experimental groups: G1 (negative control), G2 (HPE), G3 (HPE plus acetaminophen), G4 (acetaminophen - positive control). The HPLC-DADESI-MS/MS method was used to evaluate the chemical composition of HPE and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to measure the antioxidant activity of geopropolis. Results: While HPE alone (G2) caused no liver injury, the livers of G4 exhibited color and histological alterations, extensive hemorrhagic suffusions, friable consistence, yellowish-white multifocal areas, degeneration and diffuse hepatocyte necrosis, in addition to altered levels of urea and enzymes TGO (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) and TGP (glutamic pyruvic transaminase). HPE was shown to exert hepatoprotective effect in G3 animals, only mild hemorrhage and focal areas of vacuolar degeneration and hepatocyte necrosis having been observed. The geopropolis analyzed contains a high diversity of phenolic compounds, including chalcones, flavones and flavonols. high antioxidant activity was determined (IC50=48 μg/mL). Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extract of the geopropolis produced by M. subnitida has a high diversity of phenolic compounds and a high antioxidant activity. It has hepatoprotective action, as evidenced by a reduction in the levels of enzymaraes and the severity of the macroscopic and histological changes in livers of Wistar rats subjected to acetaminophen induced liver changes.