Prevalence of xerostomia and its associated risk factors among Saudi population: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Background: Xerostomia is a condition that has been shown to have a negative impact on the quality of life. Thus, exploring the associated risk factors and conditions needs special attention. There is still a lack of complete information regarding this condition among the Saudi population. Methods: In this cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, 30-70 years old were included. Demographic data with systemic and dental- related history was collected. The presence of xerostomia and the risk factors such as age, sex, history of smoking, history of systemic disease, and medication history are noted. All the results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS. Results: The prevalence of xerostomia was 42.3%. The prevalence of xerostomia was found to be increasing with age. For gender, xerostomia was significantly higher among women than men (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant association between xerostomia and associated diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine disorder, blood diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and allergies (p<0.001). Only 12.5% of participants who had xerostomia were smokers and 44.2% of participants who had xerostomia were  using medications. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of xerostomia among the Saudi population, with a higher prevalence in the older age group and women. An association between systemic disease and medication history was also noted. Dental practitioners need to be alert to this condition.