A qualitative exploration of advantages and disadvantages to using technology in the process of randomised controlled trial recruitment

Abstract

Background: Despite its importance, recruiting a sufficient sample size for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) can pose a significant challenge, which has real-world impact on reliability of evidence, trial completion and ultimately, patient care. Technology has potential to enhance the recruitment process, but there is a lack of evidence regarding its current use and effectiveness. Consistent with findings from the PRioRiTy I study, the current research aims to explore the advantages and disadvantages to using technology during the recruitment process for RCTs. Methods: Semi-structured interviews (n=7) were conducted with researchers involved in RCT recruitment in Ireland. Subsequently, a Public & Patient Involvement (PPI) panel focus group (n=3) was conducted to add further depth to these findings. The data were qualitatively analysed through ‘Reflexive Thematic Analysis’ to extract prominent themes. Results: A superordinate theme arose: ‘Tech is just a medium so that you can reach more people’, along with two themes, which were corroborated by the PPI focus group: ‘Technology is used if and when the benefits outweigh the costs’ and ‘Success of recruitment through technology depends on the nature of the study.’ Conclusions: This study provided a deeper understanding of the factors which influence researchers to employ technology in recruitment for RCTs. Implications suggest that future researchers should aim to adapt their recruitment approaches to meet digital tool preferences of their target cohort; and engage with patient groups in the community to allow networking opportunities for future studies. This research may contribute towards maximising efficiency in RCT recruitment.