System-Based Protection Method for High-Voltage Pulse Generator Switching Units in Biomass Electroporation

Abstract

Background High-voltage pulsed electric field (PEF) technology has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing cell membrane permeabilization for biotechnological and medical applications. Given the parametric instability and low resistivity of biomass when used as an electrical load, it is imperative for the switching unit to meet specific requirements in terms of load capacity and protection against overloads and short circuits. Methods We introduce a novel system for safeguarding against overload and short-circuit currents by optimizing existing hardware-software resources. Our approach hinges on using the energy storage capacitor (ESC) both for energy storage and as a current sensor. By monitoring voltage drop during discharge, we estimate current parameters. Rapid discharge signals a short circuit. The microcontroller calculates ESC discharge limits based on preset parameters within a defined timeframe. If this limit is surpassed, the system promptly halts current pulses and discontinues supply to the load, ensuring reliable protection for the switching unit. Results By employing a system-based protection approach, we are able to reduce the complexity of circuit design, thereby enabling a unified control strategy that remains consistent regardless of the number and type of transistors used. This approach eliminates the need for separate circuit solutions to address this issue. Conclusions By utilizing a system method to protect the switching elements from short-circuit currents, we established a unified system structure for the circuit protection that is independent of current surges at the pulse fronts, as well as the specific number and type of transistors and switching modules employed. This method not only enhances the efficiency and reliability of the technology but also simplifies the design process and ensures a unified approach to protection, regardless of the system's configuration.