Analysis of cervical bone mineral density in children and adolescents using cone beam computed tomography combined with liquid phantoms

Abstract

Objective To describe cervical BMD in children and adolescents using CBCT combined with K₂HPO₄ liquid phantoms. Methods Children and adolescents aged 7–20 years who underwent CBCT for orthodontic treatment in our imaging department between January 2023 and June 2023 were selected. CT values of C2 and C3 were measured using the software supplied with the CBCT. K₂HPO₄ liquid phantoms were prepared and scanned monthly. Regression equations were established between BMD values and CT values. BMD values of C2 and C3 were calculated and analysed. Results In the end, 455 patients were included in the study. The mean BMD values of C2 and C3 were 194.09 ± 39.16 mg/mL and 184.11 ± 43.83, respectively. The mean BMD values of C2 were higher than those of C3 (P < 0.05). The mean BMD values of C2 were 179.85 ± 29.87 mg/mL in males and 203.41 ± 41.69 mg/mL in females, and those of C3 were 165.24 ± 43.92 in males and 196.46 ± 39.19 in females, respectively. There was a significant difference in mean BMD between the sexes (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study provide reference values for BMD of C2 and C3 using CBCT combined with liquid phantoms. Based on the reference values in healthy individuals, BMD could be assessed during oral treatment to diagnose osteoporosis, with great economic and social benefits.