Association Between Maternal Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Offspring: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Abstract

Abstract Our study aimed to determine whether mothers with mood disorders, namely bipolar disorder and major depression, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder affect the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in their offspring. We conducted a nationwide cohort study by using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and the Maternal and Child Health Database from 2004 to 2018. A total of 2 556 640 mother-child pairs were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of T1D between children born to mothers with mood disorders, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and those without. No significant difference in risk of T1D was observed between the offspring of mothers with major psychiatric disorders and those without (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.86 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.58–1.24). In a subgroup analysis, we found an aHR of 1.81 with a 95% CI of 0.83–3.82 in the maternal bipolar disorder on the risk of T1D in offspring and an aHR of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.59–1.25) in maternal major depressive disorder. In the schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder group, aHR cannot be obtained due to lesser than three events in the analysis. The risk of T1D in offspring of maternal mood disorders, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder was not significant. The relationship between maternal psychiatric disorders and the risk of T1D in offspring warrants further investigation in studies with longer follow-up periods.