Modern Trends in the Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfonamides

Abstract

Abstract Sulfonamides are among the most significant class of organic compounds and key components of a wide array of pharmacophores and agrichemical. These sulphonamides are used as the chemotherapeutic agents against microorganisms. Sulfonamides possess broad spectrum pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiretroviral, antihypertensive and antiretroviral activity. However, due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has resulted in universal demand for the new generation of sulfonamide derivatives. These sulfonamides primarily inhibit multiplication of bacteria by inhibiting the folic acid synthesis. As a consequence of this scenario, several homogeneous and heterogeneous transition metal complexes have been developed for the facile synthesis of these sulfonamides. Amongst all, copper-based homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic materials have been extensively investigated to synthesize a variety of sulfonamides due to the presence of multiple oxidation states, facile electron transfer and ability to complex with a variety of organic moieties. These copper-based catalytic systems effectively catalyze the sulfonylation of organic compounds by direct C-H functionalization of various organic molecules or by multicomponent domino reaction of various organic molecules amines, carbonyl compounds, silanes, with sulfur dioxide, sulfonyl azides or tosylamines. Herein, the present review we focus on the recent developments in the copper catalysed synthesis of sulfonamides and their biological implications.