Slow-pyrolysis of brown macroalgae Padina sp.: Product characterization and degradation kinetic mechanism

Abstract

Abstract In this research, a series of experiments on pyrolysis of brown algae "Padina sp." were conducted in a batch reactor under different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 oC) and reaction times (30, 60, and 90 min) in order to investigate the product behavior and the kinetic of solid degradation of Padina sp. during the pyrolysis process. The results showed that the bio-oil from Padina sp. can be split into its constituent parts, with chemicals such as carboxylic acids, hydrocarbons, n-aromatic compounds, amines/amides, and phenolic compounds identified. The ultimate analysis demonstrated that the atomic ratios of the biochar, both H/C and O/C, were lower than those of the raw material. The calorific values vary from 20.96 to 22.25 MJ kg− 1. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of surface morphology also revealed that the biochar formed had a greater surface area than the algal feedstock. Additionally, the reaction kinetics of solid degradation at varied temperatures was deduced. The pre-exponential factor and activation energy for the degradation of solid feedstock were successfully determined for the first time using the Arrhenius equation as 8.44x1010s− 1 and 144.4 kJ mol⁻1, respectively.