Comparative Environmental Impact Analysis of Electric, Hybrid, and Conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles

Abstract

Abstract This research paper presents a comprehensive wringer of the environmental impact of electric cars, hybrid cars, and conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) cars, with a focus on challenging the conventional weighing that electric cars are inherently increasingly environmentally friendly. Drawing inspiration from a recent study conducted by Prof. Avinash Agarwal of IIT Kanpur, this research seeks to provide a unique perspective on the topic by considering various factors and providing fresh insights into the sustainability of these automotive technologies. The study employs a holistic life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, examining not only tailpipe emissions but moreover manufacturing, electricity generation, and end-of-life disposal impacts. The findings of the research indicate that environmental advantages of electric cars are context-dependent and may not unchangingly outweigh those of hybrid and conventional ICE cars.