Phosphorus-enriched organomineral fertilizers affect the cation exchange algorithm of the soil in the transition to organic farming in a calcareous soil: A comparative evaluation

Abstract

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the effects of phosphorus-enriched cattle manure applications on the exchangeable cations content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation rate (BSR) of the lime soil. The research was carried out with five different levels of dairy cattle manure (DM0: 0; DM1: 10; DM2: 20; DM3: 30; DM4: 40 t ha− 1) and with five different levels of phosphorus dose (P0: 0; P1: 10; P2: 20; P3: 30; P4: 40 kg P ha− 1) in the ecological conditions of Southwest Türkiye during the wheat vegetation period of 2019–2021. The study was carried out in medium calcareous soil (14.8%) with three replications randomized blocks experimental by composing organomineral fertilizer combinations. In addition, nitrogen (urea) and potassium (potassium nitrate) fertilizers were also applied as support fertilizers during the wheat vegetation season for two years in the study. According to the results of the study, the highest change in exchangeable Ca and K content in soils was obtained from organomineral fertilizer applications by 11.2% and 29.7% respectively, and the highest change in exchangeable Mg and Na content was obtained from dairy cattle manure applications by 25.1% and 18.2%, respectively. Among the fertilization systems, the highest increase in total exchangeable cations was 13.1% and the increase in CEC was 21.3% in organomineral fertilizer applications. The fastest decrease in the BSR was also obtained from the organomineral fertilization system. As a result, it has been determined that M4P2 application is the most economical and the most effective combination in the cation exchange algorithm among organomineral fertilizer combinations.