The Use of E-Health and M-Health Tools in Pediatric Care Among Parents and Healthcare Workers in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Abstract Background Electronic health (E-Health) and mobile health (M-Health) have emerged as promising solutions to address the scarcity of healthcare workers in developing countries. This systematic literature review aims to comprehensively explore the utilization of E-Health and M-Health tools in pediatric care among parents and healthcare workers in these regions.Methods A literature search was conducted on the PubMed and Scopus databases in January 2023, covering the period from 2013 to 2022. The search adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. The PECOS format outlined by PROSPERO was used to determine the eligibility of systematic reviews and primary studies, with no restrictions on study designs or methodologies. Eligible articles comprised original research published in peer-reviewed open-access journals, limited to the English language. The methodological quality of the included articles was independently assessed by authors using the CASP checklists to evaluate reporting quality.Result The initial search yielded 334 publications, of which 16 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review. These comprised 12 Random Control trials and 4 Qualitative-Quantitative studies. The CASP criteria were applied to all studies, and those with a moderate to high level of methodological quality were included and reported. The reviewed publications described various types of E-Health and M-Health tools, with a majority (50%) of the studies conducted in Asia. The target users in the publications were diverse, with 37% focusing on mothers, 25% targeting pregnant women, and 19% targeting healthcare workers.Conclusions The review highlights a diverse range of tools, including mobile applications, websites, SMS, and phone calls, with a particular focus on breastfeeding, vaccination, and child growth. The findings emphasize the importance of healthcare worker participation and the trust placed in information from relatives to influence the effectiveness of these tools. Moreover, the study underscores the need for intimate discussions when addressing sensitive topics like HIV and contraceptives. This review enhances our understanding of the role of E-Health and M-Health tools in pediatric care in developing countries. It highlights their potential to bridge healthcare gaps and promote wider access to quality care, addressing the challenges posed by limited healthcare resources in these regions.