Abstract
Deep large deformation soft rock roadways pose significant challenges to the safety of coal mining operations and supply due to the development of cracks, loose fragmentation, and deformation failure of surrounding rocks. To effectively control fractured soft rock roadway surrounding rocks in deep mining areas, this paper analyzed the causes of deformation and failure of surrounding rock in deep soft rock roadways using the Xin’an Coal Mine 2301 working face as the engineering background. By establishing active and passive support mechanical models, the interaction mechanism between active and passive supports was clarified, and the effectiveness of active-passive collaborative support was further validated. The research results indicate that: 1) The original single active or passive support scheme on the Xin’an Coal Mine 2301 working face cannot provide effective strong support for fractured surrounding rock, resulting in a short period of rock control. Therefore, the concept of active-passive collaborative compensation support for controlling the stability of surrounding rock in roadways was proposed. 2) Passive support provides impedance to the roadway, preventing stress attenuation around anchor points and enhancing the effect of active support, while active support strengthens the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock and improves the overall integrity, providing support. Based on the excavation compensation theory, a mechanical model of active-passive collaborative compensation support was established, and the amplification effect of active-passive collaborative support was revealed. 3) A collaborative support scheme of “bolts, W-shaped steel belts” + “anchor cables, anchor cable beams” + “I-beam sheds” was proposed and applied in the field, with average convergence values of both slopes and roof/floor 334.2 mm and 508.4 mm, respectively, and the average relative convergence rate of roof/floor and both slopes 11.9%, effectively controlling the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock. The active-passive collaborative compensation support scheme achieves positive application outcomes in deep fractured soft rock roadway mining, providing reference for the design of similar support parameters in deep fractured soft rock roadway.