Response of cross-correlations between high concentrations of PM 2.5 and O 3 at different time scales to the COVID-19: two trends in BTH and PRD

Abstract

Abstract The air pollution in China currently is characterized by high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3). Compared with single high pollution events, these double high pollution (DHP) events (both PM2.5 and O3 are above the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) ) pose a greater threat to public health and environment. However, the studies on the temporal evolution and spatial differences of PM2.5-O3 DHP events is not comprehensive. In 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 provided a special time window to further understand the cross-correlation between PM2.5 and O3 deeply and thus provide theoretical support for the formulation of regional coordinated control strategies. In this paper, a novel method detrended cross-correlation analysis based on maximum time series of variable time scales (VM-DCCA) is established to compare the cross-correlation between high concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 in Beijing-Tianjin-Heibei (BTH) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) at different time scales. As a result, through DCCA, there is a long-term persistent behavior about the cross-correlation between PM2.5 and O3. Firstly, compared with non COVID-19 period, the PM2.5-O3 DCCA exponents decrease by 4.40% and 2.35% in BTH and PRD respectively during COVID-19 period. Further, through VM-DCCA, the VM-DCCA exponents in PRD weaken rapidly with the increase of time scales, and the decline range are about 23.53% and 22.90% at 28-hour time scale during the non COVID-19 period and COVID-19 period respectively. BTH is completely different. Without significant tendency, its VM-DCCA exponents is always higher than that in PRD at different time scales, which also suggests that the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 in BTH is more difficult than that in PRD. Finally, we consider the above results are manifestation of the self-organized criticality (SOC) theory of atmospheric system. The impact of meteorological conditions and atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) variation during the COVID-19 period on SOC state are further discussed.